Manchester's museums celebrate Manchester's Roman history, rich industrial heritage and its role in the Industrial Revolution , the textile industry , the Trade Union movement, women's suffrage and football. A reconstructed part of the Roman fort of Mamucium is open to the public in Castlefield. The Science and Industry Museum , housed in the former Liverpool Road railway station , has a large collection of steam locomotives , industrial machinery, aircraft and a replica of the world's first stored computer program known as the Manchester Baby.
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The municipally owned Manchester Art Gallery in Mosley Street houses a permanent collection of European painting and one of Britain's main collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings. In the south of the city, the Whitworth Art Gallery displays modern art, sculpture and textiles and was voted Museum of the Year in The work of Stretford -born painter L.
Lowry , known for "matchstick" paintings of industrial Manchester and Salford, can be seen in the City and Whitworth Manchester galleries, and at the Lowry art centre in Salford Quays in the neighbouring borough of Salford , which devotes a large permanent exhibition to his works. The two began writing The Communist Manifesto in Chetham's Library [] — founded in and claiming to be the oldest public library in the English-speaking world. Elsewhere in the city, the John Rylands Library holds an extensive collection of early printing.
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The Rylands Library Papyrus P52 , believed to be the earliest extant New Testament text, is on permanent display there. Letitia Landon 's poem Manchester in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, , records the rapid growth of the city and its cultural importance. Charles Dickens is reputed to have set his novel Hard Times in the city, and though partly modelled on Preston , it shows the influence of his friend Mrs Gaskell.
She was accompanying her father Patrick , who was convalescing in the city after cataract surgery. Anthony Burgess is among the 20th-century writers who made Manchester their home. He wrote here the dystopian satire A Clockwork Orange in The night-time economy of Manchester has expanded significantly since about , with investment from breweries in bars, public houses and clubs, along with active support from the local authorities.
Many of the big clubs suffered problems with organised crime at that time; Haslam describes one where staff were so completely intimidated that free admission and drinks were demanded and given and drugs were openly dealt. Since the opening of new bars and clubs, the area attracts 20, visitors each weekend [] and has hosted a popular festival, Manchester Pride , each August since There are three universities in the City of Manchester.
The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non- collegiate university in the United Kingdom, created in by the merger of Victoria University of Manchester , founded in , and UMIST , founded in [] having developed from the Mechanics' Institute founded, as indicated in the university's logo, in Manchester Metropolitan University was formed as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in The three universities are grouped around Oxford Road on the southern side of the city centre, which forms Europe's largest urban higher-education precinct.
One of Manchester's notable secondary schools is Manchester Grammar School.
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Established in , [] as a free grammar school next to what is now the cathedral, it moved in to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, south Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body. In the post-war period, it was a direct grant grammar school i. The LEA also had the highest occurrence of absences: Manchester is well known as a city of sport. The City of Manchester Stadium was initially built as the main athletics stadium for the Commonwealth Games and was then reconfigured into a football stadium before Manchester City's arrival. Manchester has hosted domestic, continental and international football competitions at Fallowfield Stadium , Maine Road , Old Trafford and the City of Manchester Stadium.
The Manchester Velodrome was built as a part of the bid for the games and has become a catalyst for British success in cycling. Manchester also hosted the World Squash Championships in , [] and also hosted the World Lacrosse Championship in July The Guardian newspaper was founded in the city in as The Manchester Guardian.
Until , its head office was still in the city, though many of its management functions were moved to London in At its height, 1, journalists were employed, earning the city the nickname "second Fleet Street ". In the s the titles closed their northern offices and centred their operations in London. The main regional newspaper in the city is the Manchester Evening News , which was for over 80 years the sister publication of The Manchester Guardian. Despite its title, it is available all day. Several local weekly free papers are distributed by the MEN group. The Metro North West is available free at Metrolink stops, rail stations and other busy locations.
An attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, the North West Times , employing journalists made redundant by other titles, closed in Manchester has been a centre of television broadcasting since the s. A number of television studios have been in operation around the city, and have since relocated to MediaCityUK in neighbouring Salford. Now based at MediaCityUK, the company's former headquarters at Granada Studios on Quay Street with its distinctive illuminated sign were a prominent landmark on the Manchester skyline for several decades. Although its influence has waned, Granada had been described as "the best commercial television company in the world".
With the growth in regional television in the s, Manchester became one of the BBC 's three main centres in England. The Manchester television channel, Channel M , owned by the Guardian Media Group operated from , but closed in It began its first broadcast, but in , That's Manchester took over to air on 31 May and launched the freeview channel 8 service slot, before moving to channel 7 in April These stations and pirate radio played a significant role in the city's house music culture, the Madchester scene. Manchester has formal twinning arrangements or "friendship agreements" with several places.
Manchester is home to the largest group of consuls in the UK outside London. The expansion of international trade links during the Industrial Revolution led to the introduction of the first consuls in the s and since then over , from all parts of the world, have been based in Manchester. Manchester hosts consular services for most of the north of England. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the English city and metropolitan borough. For other uses, see Manchester disambiguation.
Manchester
City and metropolitan borough in England. City and metropolitan borough. Clockwise from top: Manchester city centre as seen from a distance of approximately 12 miles Coat of arms. Latin: "Concilio Et Labore" "By wisdom and effort". Shown within Greater Manchester. M , WA Ringway. Main article: History of Manchester. See also: Timeline of Manchester history. Main article: Mamucium. View from Kersal Moor towards Manchester by Sebastian Pether , circa , then still a rural landscape.
Note the River Irwell in both paintings. Manchester from Kersal Moor , by William Wyld in , a view now dominated by chimney stacks as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. See also: Geography of Greater Manchester. Further information: North West Green Belt. Neighbouring districts and places. Salford Bury Oldham Salford. See also: Demography of Greater Manchester. Asian Black 8. Mixed 4. Chinese 2. Arab 1. Other 1.
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No Religion Muslim Hindu 1. Buddhist 0. Jewish 0. Other 0. Religion Not Stated 6. Main article: Economy of Manchester. See also: List of companies based in Greater Manchester.
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Main article: Architecture of Manchester. Main article: Transport in Manchester. See also: Transport for Greater Manchester. Further information: Cycling in Greater Manchester.
Main article: Culture of Manchester. See also: List of people from Manchester. See also: Popular music of Manchester , List of music artists and bands from Manchester , and Madchester. See also: List of schools in Manchester. Main article: Sport in Manchester.
Main article: Media in Manchester. See also: List of television programmes set, produced or filmed in Manchester ; Films set in Manchester ; and List of national radio programmes made in Manchester. England portal United Kingdom portal Europe portal. Archived from the original on 3 May Retrieved 11 June Retrieved 28 October Archived from the original on 24 February Retrieved 7 November Brookings Institution.
Archived from the original on 21 March Retrieved 25 March Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 December Retrieved 22 October Archived from the original on 24 July Retrieved 29 July January Retrieved 14 April The Cotton Industry. Shire Publications Ltd.
Manchester: A History. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing. Tradition in Action.
The historical evolution of the Greater Manchester County. Wakefield: EP Publishing. Entry on Sciencemuseum website. Archived from the original on 9 March Retrieved 17 March Archived from the original on 17 August A Dictionary of British Place-Names.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.