The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes
The church contains some early material see below. The town's historic centre lies about a kilometre from the beach, around the church of St Cadfan's. In the second half of the 19th century the town expanded considerably, mainly towards the sea. To the north of the town lie the reclaimed salt marshes of Morfa Tywyn and Morfa Gwyllt, beyond which lie the Broad Water lagoon and the mouth of the Afon Dysynni. The Tywyn coastal defence scheme, officially unveiled on 24 March by Jane Davidson then Welsh Assembly Government Minister for Environment, Sustainability and Housing , provides a rock breakwater above the low-tide level, rock groynes , and rock revetment to protect 80 sea-front properties.
At the time of the census , By the census this had decreased to These relatively high figures given the town's demography reflect the use of both Welsh and English as the medium of instruction in Ysgol Penybryn, the town's primary school. The town's Welsh dialect has several notable features, with one Victorian observer stating that three languages were spoken there: English, Welsh and 'Tywynaeg'.
L T C Rolt in his book 'Railway Adventure' recounts walking up the track of the Talyllyn Railway in , and stopping to speak to railway workers only to discover they spoke no English. Tywyn is now a very anglicised town, with the majority of its population Likewise, slightly more respondents claimed an English-only identity The church is of interest for two medieval effigies, and for a stone inscribed with what is believed to be the oldest known writing in the Welsh language, dating back to the 8th century AD, and rescued from a local gateway in the 18th century.
Improved transport links during the 19th century increased Tywyn's appeal as a tourist destination. In the early decades of that century, a creek of the river Dysynni allowed ships to approach the town's northern fringes, where there was a shipbuilding yard. The draining of the salt marsh and the channelling of the river brought this industry to an end, [12] but during the early part of that century the town was made more accessible by building new roads along the coast to Aberdyfi and Llwyngwril.
The railway arrived in the mids first as the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway , then as Cambrian Railways , and had a significant effect on the town. Tywyn railway station opened in The station is still open, and is served by the Cambrian Line. Slate -quarrying in the Abergynolwyn area led to the building in of the Talyllyn Railway , a narrow-gauge line designed to carry slates to Tywyn. Two stations were opened in the town. Tywyn Wharf railway station was originally opened to enable slates to be unloaded onto a wharf adjacent to the main railway line.
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It is now the Talyllyn's western terminus and principal station. Pendre railway station was originally the passenger station, and now houses the locomotive and carriage sheds and works. The beach and its extensive promenade have long been key attractions.
In , a pier was built at Tywyn, but the structure only lasted a few months.
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There has been extensive bungalow and caravan development in the vicinity. Apart from tourism, agriculture has long been the most important industry in the area.
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Lead and copper used to be mined in the town's hinterland. The Marconi Company built a Long Wave receiver station in Tywyn in , working in duplex with the high-power transmitter station near Waunfawr. This new transatlantic service replaced Marconi's obsolete transatlantic telegraph station in Clifden , Ireland following its destruction during the Irish Civil War. For most of the 20th century, the armed forces were a significant presence in Tywyn. The town was a major training ground for the amphibious warfare landings in the Second World War and had a strategic war base.
Abandoned pillboxes may still be seen on the coast to the south of the town. Much of the town's infrastructure was put in place by an industrialist from the English Midlands, John Corbett , who in the s decided to develop the town into a major tourist resort to rival Torquay. As well as constructing a row of boarding houses and a grand esplanade, he developed the water and sewerage system. He refurbished the Corbet Arms Hotel from then on spelled with two 't's , and also contributed to the Assembly Room , now Tywyn Cinema.
Plaques commemorating his generosity may still be seen on the north end of the promenade and on the Market Hall. Another commemorative plaque was on Brynarfor now demolished , and his portrait was hung there when the school first opened. However, the anticipated grand watering-place never took off, and these additions to the town were never matched.
The hospital is still in operation, but the institute is now closed.
Hen Dyffryn Gwyn is a Grade II listed building dating from which retains many of its original features. For many centuries, St Cadfan's church was the only place of worship in the town, but since the 19th century there have been several.
Following the Methodist Revival , the Calvinistic Methodists established a cause i. The current chapel was built in and altered in It was opened in part with a view to attracting the increasing numbers of visitors who were coming to Tywyn since the opening of the railway and who previously had been provided for only by the English services at St Cadfan's. Bethany closed in Ebeneser Welsh-speaking Wesleyan Methodist Church in Wales was first built between and , with the current building dating from Bethesda Independent Chapel Welsh-speaking Congregationalist was first built in , enlarged in and rebuilt again in Tywyn Baptist Church English-speaking [32] was opened in and re-built in its present form in In Samuel Lewis 's A Topographical Dictionary of Wales it is reported that popular horse races were held on land to the north of the town every September.
The Towyn-on-Sea club opened with a hole course in , in a further eight holes were added. Attempts were made to re-establish the club following the Second World War but these proved unsuccessful. The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes. Front Matter Pages i-xiii. Front Matter Pages xv The Genetic Basis of Fish Behaviour. Pages The Motivational Basis of Fish Behaviour.
Development of Behaviour in Fish. Front Matter Pages Role of Vision in Fish Behaviour. Underwater Sound and Fish Behaviour. Role of Olfaction in Fish Behaviour. Role of the Lateral Line in Fish Behaviour. Foraging in Teleost Fishes. Constraints Placed by Predators on Feeding Behaviour. Teleost Mating Systems and Strategies.
Functions of Shoaling Behaviour in Teleosts. Individual Differences in Fish Behaviour. Fish Behaviour by Day, Night and Twilight.