The staff members referred to this activity as " trot busting", "bashing trots" and "trot spotting". Corbynmania was the enthusiastic support for Jeremy Corbyn. Jonathan Dean characterised Corbymania as a political fandom , comparable with the enthusiastic followings of popular media stars and other modern politicians such as Bernie Sanders and Justin Trudeau. Specific features included use of the jezwecan hashtag , attendance at rallies and the posting of pictures such as selfies on social media. Artistic, merchandising and other activity consolidated and spread this fannish enthusiasm.
Corbyn's personal qualities were earnest and modest and these inspired warm emotions such as devotion and loyalty. These were seen as cultish by critics such as Margaret Beckett who said in that the Labour Party had been turned into the "Jeremy Corbyn Fan Club". A chant of "Oh, Jeremy Corbyn" was adopted as an anthem or chorus by his supporters. Sung in the style of a football chant to the tune of a riff from " Seven Nation Army " by The White Stripes , it attracted especial attention at the Glastonbury Festival of , where Corbyn appeared and spoke to the crowds.
Labour's weaker than expected performance in the United Kingdom local elections led to suggestions that Corbynmania had peaked. After being elected leader, Corbyn became Leader of the Official Opposition and shortly thereafter his appointment to the Privy Council was announced. In September an unnamed senior serving general in the British Army stated that a mutiny by the Army could occur if a future Corbyn government moved to scrap Trident, pull out of Nato or reduce the size of the armed forces.
The general staff would not allow a prime minister to jeopardise the security of this country and I think people would use whatever means possible, fair or foul to prevent that. On 13 September , Corbyn unveiled his Shadow Cabinet. Corbyn promoted a number of female backbench MPs to Shadow Cabinet roles, including Diane Abbott, Heidi Alexander and Lisa Nandy , making his the first Shadow Cabinet with more women than men, although the most senior roles went to men.
After members of Islamic State carried out terrorist attacks in Paris in November , Corbyn agreed with David Cameron that a political settlement between the Syrian Government and the rebels should be aimed at resolving the Syrian civil war. Corbyn warned against "external intervention" in Syria but told delegates that Labour would "consider the proposals the Government brings forward".
After Cameron set out his case for military intervention to Parliament, [] Corbyn held a Shadow Cabinet meeting, in which he said he would continue with efforts "to reach a common view" on Syria, while Shadow Foreign Secretary Hilary Benn suggested the case for air strikes was "compelling". I do not believe the current proposal for air strikes in Syria will protect our security and therefore cannot support it. There was widespread speculation following the vote that Corbyn would reshuffle his Shadow Cabinet to remove Hilary Benn, but Corbyn's January reshuffle retained Benn in the same position.
She was replaced by Karl Turner. In the local elections , Labour had a net loss of 18 local council seats and controlled as many councils as before gaining control of Bristol but losing Dudley. There were also Westminster by-elections in two Labour safe seats, which Labour retained: Ogmore and Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough. Labour's misfortunes in Scotland continued, where they fell into third place behind the Conservatives. Following the United Kingdom European Union EU membership referendum , Corbyn was accused of "lukewarm" campaigning for Britain to remain and showing a "lack of leadership" on the issue by several party figures.
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Corbyn's decision to go on holiday during the campaign was criticised. Three days after the EU referendum, Hilary Benn was sacked after it was disclosed that he had been organising a mass resignation of Shadow Cabinet members to force Corbyn to stand down. Just two days later one of the newly appointed members, Pat Glass, resigned, saying "the situation is untenable". Jeremy has failed that test". The vote did not require the party to call a leadership election, but was expected to lead to a leadership challenge.
The division between Corbyn and the Labour parliamentary party continued.
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On 12 July , following a dispute as to whether the elected leader would need nominations in an election as a "challenger" to their own leadership, Labour's National Executive Committee NEC resolved that Corbyn, as the incumbent leader, had an automatic right to be on the ballot, [] and also decided that members needed to have been a member for more than six months to be eligible to vote, meaning that many members who had joined recently would not be able to vote. More than 40 female Labour MPs, in an open letter during the campaign in July , called on Corbyn to deal with issues relating to online abuse, and criticised him for his allegedly unsatisfactory responses and inaction.
He continued: "I have set up a code of conduct on this. The Labour party has a code of conduct on this, and it does have to be dealt with". On 16 August , Corbyn released a video of himself sitting on the floor of a Virgin Trains East Coast train while travelling to a leadership hustings in Gateshead. Corbyn said the train was "ram-packed" and used this to support his policy to reverse the s privatisation of the railways of Great Britain. The psephologist John Curtice wrote just before Corbyn's second leadership win: "There is evidently a section of the British public, to be found particularly among younger voters, for whom the Labour leader does have an appeal; it just does not look like a section that is big enough, on its own at least, to enable Labour to win a general election".
Only they can change the party". Corbyn was re-elected as Labour leader on 24 September, with , votes On a turnout of In his acceptance speech, Corbyn called on the "Labour family" to end their divisions and to "wipe that slate clean from today and get on with the work we've got to do as a party". In response, two Labour whips said they would vote against the bill.
At the local elections , Labour lost nearly councillors and control of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire county council. Corbyn said he welcomed Prime Minister Theresa May's proposal to seek an early general election in Earlier in the year, Corbyn had become the first opposition party leader since to lose a by-election to an incumbent government, [] and at the time May called the election Labour trailed the Conservative Party by up to 25 points in some opinion polls.
It was the first time Labour had made a net gain of seats since , and the party's 9. Corbyn's election campaign was run under the slogan "For the Many, Not the Few" [] and featured rallies with a large audience and connected with a grassroots following for the party, including appearing on stage in front of a crowd of 20, at the Wirral Live Festival in Prenton Park.
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In April , an internal Labour Party report , entitled The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, — , was leaked to the media. According to the report there was "an abnormal intensity of factional opposition" to Corbyn which had "inhibited the proper functioning of the Labour Party bureaucracy". The report revealed that senior party officials sent insulting WhatsApp messages about leftwing MPs, including Diane Abbott , and officials in Corbyn's office. The report stated that officials operated a "secret key seats team from where a parallel general election campaign was run to support MPs associated with the right wing of the party".
BMS was apparently not disclosed to Corbyn's office. Officials have maintained their targeting was due to legitimate fears Labour would lose seats, based on its poor polling position at the start of the campaign, and have pointed out that three of the seats supported by BMS were less than votes away from being lost to the Conservatives.
The Guardian reported that there was "seemingly no proof of active obstruction" by Labour officials during the election and that any evidence was "circumstantial rather than a smoking gun". According to John Ware , the leaked report included no evidence of an intention by party officials to sabotage the election in order to deprive Corbyn of the chance of becoming prime minister.
Opinion polls during the first few months of his leadership gave Corbyn lower personal approval ratings than any previous Labour leader in the early stages of their leadership amongst the general public. Polling by the end of the first week of campaigning during the general election was suggesting a defeat for Labour with the parliamentary party much reduced and a landslide victory for the Conservatives with a majority of perhaps MPs.
Corbyn sacked three Shadow Cabinet members and a fourth resigned [] after they rebelled against party orders to abstain on a motion aimed at keeping the UK in the EU single market, which was put forward by Labour MP Chuka Umunna. On 15 March , Corbyn wrote in The Guardian that "to rush way ahead of the evidence" about Russia's involvement in the Salisbury poisoning "serves neither justice nor our national security" and that responsibility for the attack "is a matter for police and security professionals to determine".
On 20 March, Corbyn called for the British authorities to send a sample of the nerve agent involved in the poisoning, so they could "say categorically one way or the other" where it came from.
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Murray said that at the time Corbyn and his team "just didn't think the Russian state would be so stupid and brazen as to [ Murray also suggested the response was the turning point for Corbyn's leadership, as it "started bringing all the doubts about Jeremy and the leader's office to the surface again". Following the general election, the party faced internal pressure to shift its Brexit policy away from a soft Brexit and towards a second referendum, a position widely supported among the party membership.
In response, Corbyn said at the Labour Party conference that he did not support a second referendum but would abide by the decision of members at the conference. The conference agreed to use all means to stop an unacceptable Brexit deal, including another referendum including an option to remain in the EU, as a last resort. Corbyn threatened legal action against Bradley, which resulted in Bradley deleting the tweet, apologising for his comments which he accepted were "untrue and false", and agreeing to pay Corbyn's legal costs and to donate to a charity of Corbyn's choice.
His attacker was sentenced to 28 days in jail. A video of soldiers from the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment , stationed in Afghanistan using an image of Corbyn for target practice was posted on social media in April Momentum said the video was a consequence of the "radicalising effect the rightwing press". The Independent expressed the view that Corbyn was "unpopular in parts of the military because of his past policies on Northern Ireland , Trident and opposition to the Iraq War and other foreign interventions".
Trump rejected the request, saying that Corbyn was a "negative force". The Labour Party Manifesto included policies to increase funding for health, negotiate a Brexit deal and hold a referendum giving a choice between the deal and remain, raise the minimum wage, stop the age pension age increase, nationalise key industries, and replace universal credit.
The general election was the worst defeat for Labour since the s. In the aftermath, opinions differed to why the Labour Party was defeated to the extent it was. Following the Labour Party's unsuccessful performance in the general election , Corbyn stated that he intended to step down as leader following the election of a successor and that he would not lead the party into the next election. On 4 April , the results of the Labour Party leadership election were announced, with Sir Keir Starmer winning the election and succeeding Corbyn as the leader of the Labour Party.
In the months following the election, Labour consistently had a small lead in opinion polling.
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On 13 December Corbyn announced that he would be launching in January , the Project for Peace and Justice, whose areas of focus will include environmentalism, international peace cooperation, poverty, social inequality and corporation power. Rafael Correa said that he "welcome[d] the creation" of the project. Although in the political scientists David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh described Corbyn's political stance as " far-left ", [] it was suggested by Stephen Bush in that his association with the party's left-wing owes more to his past career and rhetoric than the policies he has pursued as party leader.
When asked in an interview in what politicised him Corbyn said, "Peace issues. Environmental issues". I haven't thought about that for a long time. I haven't really read as much of Marx as we should have done. I have read quite a bit but not that much. Corbyn opposes austerity, and has advocated an economic strategy based on investing-to-grow as opposed to making spending cuts.
During his first Labour leadership election campaign, Corbyn proposed that the Bank of England should be able to issue money for capital spending, especially housebuilding, instead of quantitative easing , which attempts to stimulate the economy by buying assets from commercial banks. He describes it as " People's Quantitative Easing ".
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Corbyn has been a consistent supporter of renationalising public utilities , such as the now-privatised British Rail and energy companies , back into public ownership. Corbyn is a longstanding supporter of a united Ireland [] and reportedly described himself as campaigner against imperialism in Ireland in Corbyn would prefer Britain to become a republic , but has said that, given the Royal Family 's popularity, "it's not a battle that I am fighting". On the issue of Scottish independence , when asked if he would consider himself a unionist , Corbyn said: "No, I would describe myself as a Socialist.
I would prefer the UK to stay together, yes, but I recognise the right of people to take the decision on their own autonomy and independence. As Leader of the Opposition, Corbyn was one of the sponsors for the Constitutional Convention Bill , which was an attempt at codifying the UK's constitution , which has not been compiled into a single document. In October , Corbyn was one of MPs to sign a cross-party petition to Home Secretary Amber Rudd , which requested making it a criminal offence for opponents of abortion to hold protests outside of abortion clinics.
He also promised to allow abortion in Northern Ireland as well as same-sex marriage. During the Labour leadership contest, Corbyn put forward a policy to scrap all tuition fees and restore student maintenance grants. Corbyn apologised for the actions of previous Labour governments in imposing "fees, top-up fees and the replacement of grants with loans".
He said "I opposed those changes at the time — as did many others — and now we have an opportunity to change course". During the election, Corbyn had a policy of scrapping university tuition fees from restoring the maintenance grants abolished by the Conservatives in and funding a free national education service.
He also pledged to investigate cancelling student loan debts incurred by recent graduates. Corbyn has previously been a left-wing Eurosceptic. During his leadership campaign, Corbyn said there might be circumstances in which he would favour withdrawal from the EU. In June , in the run-up to the EU referendum, Corbyn said that there was an "overwhelming case" for staying in the EU. In a speech in London, Corbyn said: "We, the Labour Party, are overwhelmingly for staying in, because we believe the European Union has brought investment, jobs and protection for workers, consumers and the environment.
In July , Corbyn said that Britain could not remain in the European Single Market after leaving the EU, saying that membership of the single market was "dependent on membership of the EU", although it includes some non-EU countries. In January , Corbyn reiterated that Labour would not seek to keep the UK in the single market after Brexit and in June he called for a "new single market" deal for the UK after Brexit maintaining "full access" to the EU internal market, as opposed to the " Norway model " which pro-Remainers in the party wish to see.
In , Corbyn said his main reason for not committing to remaining in the single market was freedom from EU rules on state aid to industry.